If there's been a person immutable rule in the course of American television history, it's been area news. Pretty much from the moment the station 1st signed on air, they commenced carrying neighborhood information where athletics often performed An important function. An absence of dependable programming sources in these early yrs led many stations to turn to athletics to fill their broadcasting schedules. The big apple's WNBT tv signed on to broadcast in July 1941, and its initial broadcast was an experienced baseball video game ("NBC History", 2003). When creating regional newscasts to go well with their viewers, these stations typically integrated sports activities and climate. One example is, in 1961 WKMG begun its first complete-time news Division in Orlando. Newscasts contain Frank Vaught's athletics studies ("The heritage of," 2003).
Athletics have held a dominant situation in community information broadcasting for various yrs, but the latest field traits have termed into dilemma this posture. Segmented audiences, changing demographics, and declining information profitability have compelled the station to reexamine its community athletics section. “Sports activities is amongst the final areas of TV where people today do matters the way they normally have,” suggests tv executive Elliott Wiser. “(These days) a new solution is necessary” (Deggans, 2000).
Dilemma for Neighborhood TV Information
미국인들에게 뉴스의 주요 제공자로서 텔레비전의 패권을 위협하는 몇 가지 요인이 결합되었습니다. Task for Excellence in Journalism(2002)에서 수행한 연구에 따르면 텔레비전 뉴스 방송이 시청자를 잃고 있습니다. 1998년에는 방송국의 2/three가 지역 뉴스 방송 시청률이 감소했다고 보고했습니다. 2002년까지 그 수치는 seventy six%로 증가했습니다. 2001년 9월 테러 이후에도 지역 뉴스 시청률은 seven% 떨어졌다.
인터넷, 케이블 채널 및 가정용 위성과 같은 미디어 소스의 출현은 시청자에게 뉴스 대안을 제공했습니다. Radio and tv News Director’s Affiliation(“Modifying channels”, 1996)의 연구에 따르면, “대중의 상당 부분이 정기적으로 다른 다양한 소스에 귀를 기울입니다.”
점점 더 많은 방송국이 대형 미디어 회사에 의해 통제됨에 따라 지역 텔레비전 뉴스도 수익 지향적이 되었습니다. 예를 들어, 2002년 첫 몇 주 동안 세 개의 방송국 그룹은 자회사 방송국에서 지역 뉴스를 완전히 제거하기로 결정했습니다(Trigoboff, 2002). TV 뉴스 컨설턴트인 짐 윌리는 "대혁명이 일어날 것 같다"고 말했다. "같은 시장에서 동시에 four~5개의 뉴스 방송을 해야 합니까?" (Trigoboff, 2002).
Trouble for Regional TV Sporting activities
None of this is Great news to the local tv sports sector, and that is more and more less than scrutiny from station execs. In spite of its traditional presence within regional newscasts, sports have prolonged been considered a "tuning" issue. According to a survey via the Radio and Television Information Administrators Foundation, only 31% of viewers explained they were 'quite fascinated' in sports activities and 32% ended up 'relatively intrigued' ("Journalism and Ethics", 1998). This compares to seventy two% who expressed interest while in the temperature. "Sports are exceptionally polarizing." stated tv information consultant Brent Magid. “The majority can acknowledge, leave, or despise” (Greppi, 2002).
Scientific studies have demonstrated that women are much a lot less interested in sports than Gentlemen (Gantz and Wenner, 1991; Perse, 1992), and a lot of stations have acted accordingly. In 2000, Tampa's WTSP dropped the sport from its early evening newscasts. In accordance with station information director Jim Church, "Telling a Tale when not one person is listening is not an excellent utilization of air time" (Deggans, 2000).
Some stations have removed 스포츠중계 the Activity, while some have lessened their allotted time. Based on the day in the week (weekends have far more athletics time), sporting activities segments have customarily been given between three and 5 minutes of local information protection. Given that range is all the way down to a few moment. In 2002, Pittsburgh's KDKA Slash the time for sports by just three along with a half minutes for three several hours of stories. Many others during the field have executed new strategies, which include sporting activities tales that target a lot more on individuals than scores or cater to a broader information audience. "What we're attempting to do now is treat sports as information," claims KDKA news director Al Blinke. “We wish to do a thing over and above sports activities” (Finder, 2002).
Dialogue
스포츠 부문에서 일어나고 있는 변화는 시간 할당보다 콘텐츠, 스타일 및 프레젠테이션과 더 관련이 있습니다. 아마도 시청자에게 모든 스포츠 네트워크와 대조되는 것을 제공하기 위한 노력의 일환으로, 지역 Tv set 스포츠는 지역 이야기, 운동 선수 및 이벤트에 더 초점을 맞추고 있으며 일반 스포츠 팬을 위해 보다 기능 지향적이고 시청자 친화적인 보도를 만들고 있습니다. 전형적인 반응은 Midwest의 뉴스 디렉터가 “우리는 스포츠가 비스포츠 팬들에게 흥미로웠으면 합니다. 여기서 스포츠는 뉴스이고 커뮤니티입니다. 많은 케이블 스포츠 채널이 제공하는 것과는 반대로 시청자에게 지역 정보를 제공하십시오. 우리만이 현지에 갈 수 있습니다. 그들은 할 수 없습니다.”
지역 텔레비전 스포츠의 미래에 대해 뉴스 감독들은 이 연구에 대해 지금과 가까운 미래의 두 가지 뚜렷한 시간 프레임을 제안하는 더 비관적이었고, 지역 텔레비전 스포츠는 안전해 보이지만 뉴스 감독들은 그것을 매우 짧은 기간에 묶었습니다. 한 뉴스 디렉터는 이렇게 말했습니다. 지금은 하기 싫지만 앞으로는 할 수 있을 것”이라고 말했다.
Implications
Alterations in neighborhood sports may very well be a reflection from the large upheaval occurring all through broadcast information. In case the sports sector is now not Protected, How about other news things? CBS Group Information Vice President Joel Cheatwood (Trigoboff, 2002) claimed, “[All of this] forces us to reexamine the [information] model.”
On a far more immediate stage, modifications from the neighborhood sporting activities sector immediately have an affect on 1000s of aspiring sportscasters. Stations that are cutting down their commitment to sports activities are lowering their sporting activities workforce ranges, which impacts The task sector. Yet another information director said, "[Sports activities on newscasts] is dying." “We went from two whole-time sportsmen to one total-time, just one in charge of the news 3 times each week, and it was a battle to remain there.”
Similarly vital, modifications in the best way athletics are introduced are forcing sporting activities broadcasters to find out new strategies. No more can sportscasters center on scoring. They may have to make the presentation a lot more participating for regular enthusiasts. This is certainly also essential for journalism educational institutions across the nation, which should doc what stations want from the athletics sector and update their schooling curricula.
Will these variations work or persist? Sporting activities journalist Chuck Finder (2002) commented on the change in KDKA, “Let’s reserve final judgment till September, when the Steelers, school, and high school soccer seasons start out in earnest. Then the station are going to be . You can find an mistake in clock management.”